

Infertility diagnosis
Approximately 10 to 15% of all couples attempting to conceive within one year encounter infertility issues.
You will need to see a reproductive medicine specialist for necessary examinations if
- You are under 35 years old and have been having regular sexual intercourse for 12 months without achieving pregnancy.
- You are over 35 years old and have been having regular sexual intercourse for the past 6 months without achieving pregnancy.
ПExperts recommend having regular sexual intercourse at least 2-3 times a week.
You should also urgently see a reproductive doctor if:
- You have infrequent, irregular periods or no periods at all.
- You have been previously diagnosed with uterine or tubal problems.
- You have been previously diagnosed with grade III-IV endometriosis.
- Your partner has previously been diagnosed with a medical condition that may affect his sperm quality or fertility.
Based on the gathered medical history and the examination conducted by the reproductive medicine specialist, an infertility diagnosis can then be made. Both women and men should undergo examinations to identify the reasons behind their infertility. In the field of reproductive medicine, infertility can be categorized into several types: female, male, or mixed infertility.

Women's examination
During the initial consultation, the reproductive specialist will take a medical history and engage in a thorough discussion before recommending a series of tests and examinations to identify the cause of infertility.
Recommended examinations may include:
- Ultrasound examination of pelvic organs
- Hormone tests
- Testing for infections
- Procedure to assess fallopian tube patency
If necessary, additional tests may also be recommended:
- Genetic tests
- Immunological tests
- Diagnosis of the uterine cavity (hysteroscopy)
- Abdominal surgery (laparoscopy) may be necessary on occasion
- Depending on the case, a consultation with a specialist may be necessary

Men's examination
The primary test for determining the presence of male infertility is a semen quality analysis.
To identify the causes, the following tests may be performed:
- Semen analysis
- perm functional tests
- DNA fragmentation test
- Genetic tests (such as karyotyping and Y chromosome deletion testing)
Recommendations for donating a semen sample
General information
Before a semen analysis, it is important to abstain from sexual activity for a recommended period of 3 to 5 days, but not exceeding 5 days. If a repeat test is necessary, the same abstinence period of 3 to 5 days should be followed. The retrieval for semen analysis is conducted through masturbation without the use of any aids or substances (such as lubricants or condoms) unless specifically prescribed by a doctor. To prepare for semen analysis, it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Several factors can negatively impact sperm quality, including smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, hot baths, certain medications, and steroids.
Semen should be collected in a special container provided by the clinic. This type of container is sterile and non-toxic to sperm. Before submitting a semen sample, you will need to fill out a special form. It is essential to provide information about any fever, surgeries under anaesthesia, medications, and serious illnesses you have experienced or undergone in the last three months or earlier, particularly if there is reason to believe they could affect sperm quality (e.g., hepatitis).
It is essential to collect the entire ejaculate, as the first fraction contains the highest concentration of sperm. Make sure to note on the record if the full amount of ejaculate was collected or if any portion was lost. The loss of any fraction of the ejaculate can significantly impact the analysis results, leading to unreliable outcomes.
Semen should be collected in a special container provided by the clinic. This type of container is sterile and non-toxic to sperm. Before submitting a semen sample, you will need to fill out a special form. It is essential to provide information about any fever, surgeries under anaesthesia, medications, and serious illnesses you have experienced or undergone in the last three months or earlier, particularly if there is reason to believe they could affect sperm quality (e.g., hepatitis).
It is essential to collect the entire ejaculate, as the first fraction contains the highest concentration of sperm. Make sure to note on the record if the full amount of ejaculate was collected or if any portion was lost. The loss of any fraction of the ejaculate can significantly impact the analysis results, leading to unreliable outcomes.
At-home sample collection
When collecting a semen sample at home, you should adhere to all general recommendations and use the collection container provided by the clinic. At-home collection of semen samples for analysis is also collected through masturbation. Immediately after ejaculation, you should accurately record the time of specimen collection on the container and deliver the semen sample to the clinic within one hour at most. During transportation, the semen should be maintained at approximately 37 °C. If that is not feasible, keep the sample close to your body to prevent rapid cooling, as this can significantly diminish sperm quality.
The examinations performed may vary based on your medical history, previous illnesses, and any surgeries or procedures you've undergone.
Based on your examination results, the reproductive medicine specialist will diagnose the issue, create a personalized treatment plan, and provide recommendations for your next steps. If the examination reveals factors that could significantly affect your chances of conceiving naturally, the specialists at AVA CLINIC will recommend a personalized treatment plan that may include in vitro fertilization.
Thanks to advances in infertility treatment technology, many women and couples facing challenges with conceiving can achieve their dreams of parenthood, even in the most difficult of circumstances.
Failure to adhere to these guidelines can lead to inaccurate sperm analysis results, rendering the findings unreliable.
The examinations performed may vary based on your medical history, previous illnesses, and any surgeries or procedures you've undergone.
Based on your examination results, the reproductive medicine specialist will diagnose the issue, create a personalized treatment plan, and provide recommendations for your next steps. If the examination reveals factors that could significantly affect your chances of conceiving naturally, the specialists at AVA CLINIC will recommend a personalized treatment plan that may include in vitro fertilization.
Thanks to advances in infertility treatment technology, many women and couples facing challenges with conceiving can achieve their dreams of parenthood, even in the most difficult of circumstances.
Failure to adhere to these guidelines can lead to inaccurate sperm analysis results, rendering the findings unreliable.
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